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John Authers



03/11/2007
Aposta em mercados emergentes mandou a razão para o túmulo

John Authers

As pessoas fazem coisas estranhas nesta época do ano. Na quarta-feira, crianças na América do Norte e na Europa se vestiram de bruxas e fantasmas e foram de porta em porta pedir doces.

Na segunda-feira, pessoas por todo o Reino Unido se reunirão em torno de fogueiras, onde queimarão imagens de Guy Fawkes, uma figura do século 17.

Lembre destes exemplos quando considerar o comportamento bizarro em parte da América Latina na sexta-feira, quando famílias realizaram festas durante a noite em cemitérios para celebrar o Dia de Finados.

A América Latina também fornece aquele que talvez seja um grande exemplo de comportamento bizarro por parte de investidores nas últimas semanas. Mas tais investidores não são latino-americanos -eles vêm de países onde as pessoas praticam o "doces ou travessuras".

Eu notei anteriormente que a decisão do Federal Reserve (Fed), o banco central americano, de meados de agosto de reduzir sua taxa de desconto em resposta ao aprofundamento da crise nos mercados de dinheiro levou investidores a colocarem seu dinheiro em mercados emergentes.

Era uma aposta dupla. Primeiro, eles apostaram que o dinheiro mais barato do Fed seria suficiente para conter a crise, que começou com problemas no setor imobiliário americano.

Segundo, eles pensaram que os beneficiários não intencionais da liquidez adicional seriam os mercados emergentes, que eles acreditam apresentar melhores perspectivas de crescimento e que não serão afetados diretamente pela crise.

Há um modelo para tudo isto na crise do gerenciamento de capital de longo prazo de 1998, quando cortes emergenciais nas taxas de juros pelo Fed levaram à bolha nas ações de tecnologia e Internet -que na época os investidores acreditavam fortemente que apresentariam crescimento de longo prazo quanto hoje acreditam nos mercados emergentes.

Pode ser injusto chamar o que vem acontecendo nos mercados emergentes como "bolha". Mas os preços deixaram de ser racionais.

Isto é mais claro no Brasil. Ele se beneficia do fato de ser um dos quatro "Brics" (sigla para Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China) identificados pela Goldman Sachs há alguns anos como os motores de crescimento do mundo. Isto ajuda a atrair dinheiro.

Ele é visto, de forma acertada, como um dos principais beneficiários do aumento nos preços dos commodities. Basicamente, o crescimento industrial chinês cria a demanda, que os metais e produtos agrícolas brasileiros atendem.

O Brasil, como outros mercados emergentes, também se beneficia de uma desvalorização histórica. O país sofreu uma crise cambial em 1999 e desde então, até a eleição de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva como presidente em 2002, seu índice Bovespa perdeu quase 80% em termos de dólares. As pessoas temiam que Lula fosse um esquerdista demagogo.

Lula, como agora sabemos, é um pragmático. As vendas que ele inspirou se transformaram em uma grande oportunidade de compra. A certa altura em 2002, a relação preço/lucro do índice Datastream para o Brasil era nove. A p/l na S&P 500 na época era 45,6.

Cinco anos de mercado em alta depois, o Brasil apresenta valorização de 1.600% em termos de dólares, e o valor de oportunidade desapareceu. O Brasil agora negocia quase no mesmo p/l da S&P 500: 17,8.

Não apenas o argumento do valor se foi. A força dos preços dos metais para fins industriais -outra base do argumento para investir lá- agora também está em dúvida. O índice para metais para fins industriais Dow Jones-AIG atingiu o pico anteriormente neste ano. Ele subiu 5% desde o corte de juros do Fed em 16 de agosto, mas ainda está 20% abaixo de seu pico.

Adicione a isto taxas de juros acima de 11%, preocupações com a inflação e as previsões mais otimistas não vêem crescimento da economia em muito mais que 5%. O Brasil não é a China, que está crescendo a mais de 11%.

Visto neste contexto, os mercados brasileiros desde o corte de desconto pelo Fed em agosto parecem tão racionais quanto uma festa no cemitério.

A Cvrd, a maior produtora de minério de ferro do Brasil e elemento clássico no mercado global de commodities, apresenta alta de 91% desde 16 de agosto. A Bovespa apresenta alta de 33,4% desde então, mas em termos de dólares sua alta é de 62,9%, graças à valorização do real frente ao dólar.

Os brasileiros apontam que toda esta atividade é causada por dinheiro estrangeiro. Ninguém consegue resolver como usar a enxurrada de afluxo de capital.

A própria Bovespa flutuou na semana passada, se tornando a primeira bolsa de valores listada na América Latina. Sua capitalização de mercado, após uma forte estréia, é atualmente de cerca de US$ 13 bilhões. Em comparação, a Nasdaq vale apenas US$ 5,2 bilhões.

Os negócios na Bovespa contam sua própria história. O volume diário no ano passado foi em média de R$ 2,5 bilhões (US$ 1,4 bi). Neste ano, a média é de cerca de R$ 4,5 bi. Nas últimas semanas, está próxima de R$ 8 bi.

Há todos estes sinais claros de que algo irracional está em andamento. Apesar de toda sua perspectiva positiva a longo prazo, nada no Brasil em si pode justificar a fé que os estrangeiros estão depositando nele.

Em vez disso, eles estão fazendo uma aposta dupla sobre o efeito do dinheiro mais barato do Fed. Mas tal aposta parece ruim. O Fed sinalizou nesta semana que poderão não realizar mais cortes. As ações financeiras caíram, em meio ao crescente temor com a saúde financeira das seguradoras de crédito, que suportarão o impacto dos calotes, e dos grandes bancos, que já sofreram depreciação.

Se o setor financeiro do mundo desenvolvido continuar com aparência tão feia, espere uma corrida para as saídas em países como o Brasil.

Tradução: George El Khouri Andolfato
Visite o site do Financial Times

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The 3 P.M. Brunch With the 4 A.M. Vibe By BEN DETRICKNOV. 16, 2011 Continue reading the main story Share This Page Share Tweet Pin Email More Save Photo An enthusiastic reveler parties to a performance by Roxy Cottontail, a promoter, at Eat Yo Brunch at Yotel on 10th Avenue, where the $35 brunch allows patrons to eat and drink for two hours. Credit Deidre Schoo for The New York Times BRUNCH, an occasion for flapjacks, Bloody Marys and meandering conversation, is traditionally the most sluggish of meals. But a smorgasbord of clubby New York restaurants have transformed lazy midday gatherings into orgies of overindulgence with blaring music, jiggling go-go dancers and bar tabs that mushroom into five figures. No, boozy brunches aren’t new. Inspired by the daytime debauchery on Pampelonne Beach in St.-Tropez, where jet-setters arrive by Ferrari and yacht, early iterations began at Le Bilboquet on the Upper East Side in the early ’90s, and spread to meatpacking district flashpoints like Bagatelle and Merkato 55 in 2008. But more recently, these brunches have been supersized, moving from smaller lounges to brassy nightclubs like Lavo and Ajna. The party blog Guest of a Guest has taken to calling it the “Battle of the Brunches.” “Not everyone gets to run to the beach or jump on a plane,” said Noah Tepperberg, an owner of Lavo in Midtown, which started its brunch party a year ago. “If you want to leave your house on the weekend, brunch fills that void.” On a recent Saturday, Mr. Tepperberg stood in Lavo’s basement kitchen, surrounded by meat slicers and employees readying confectionary “poison apples” for a Halloween party for a pre-split Kim Kardashian. Upstairs, patrons in costumes danced atop tables and chairs, bobbing to the carnival syncopation of Jay-Z and Kanye West’s “Paris.” Confetti and blasts of fog filled the air. Continue reading the main story Related Coverage slideshow The Brunch Party Takes Over Clubs NOV. 16, 2011 Advertisement Continue reading the main story It was 3 p.m. “People walk in and say, ‘I can’t believe this is going on right now,’ ” Mr. Tepperberg said. The brunch bacchanalia shows no sign of running dry. The Mondrian SoHo is starting Scene Sundays this month at its Imperial No. Nine restaurant. In Las Vegas, the original Lavo started a Champagne brunch a few weeks ago. Similar affairs have bubbled up in Boston, Los Angeles and Washington. For those looking to replicate the formula, here’s a guide to some of New York’s frothiest. Day and Night Ajna Bar (25 Little West 12th Street, dayandnightnyc.com); Saturday, noon to 6 p.m. This extravagant French-themed party landed in October at Ajna Bar in the meatpacking district, after dousing the Hamptons, Art Basel in Miami and the Oak Room in the Plaza Hotel with rosé. Beneath an industrial skylight and fluttering flags from the United Kingdom, France and Israel, well-heeled patrons pumped their fists and posed for purse-lipped Facebook photos, racking up huge tabs every Saturday. “I understand there’s a lot of people out there going through hard times,” said Daniel Koch, the promoter who helped start the Day and Night parties at Merkato 55. “But what you want to do with your money is your business.” SIGNAL TO DANCE ON TABLES “If you’ve been sprayed with Champagne, make some noise!” a hype man will shout between piercing dance tracks from Robyn, Calvin Harris and Oasis. Dancers in orange bathing suits will emerge; pipes will blast jets of fog. In a dangerously drunken take on a bar mitzvah ritual, a man spooning dessert out of a giant bowl will be seated on a chair and lifted high into the air by his cronies. BRUNCH SET Club-savvy guests seem piped in from Miami, Monaco and Merrill Lynch. “I’m from the South, so drinking during the day is not new to me,” said a woman who wore a Diane Von Furstenberg dress but not the necessary wristband to enter the V.I.P. area. Outside, near a black Aston Martin coupe, a young man wearing paint on his face and sunglasses delved into socioeconomics. “We’re the 1 percent,” he said to a woman, matter of factly. THE BUFFET The Nutella-stuffed croissants ($12) cater to Europeans, while a gimmicky $2,500 ostrich egg omelet (with foie gras, lobster, truffle, caviar and a magnum of Dom Perignon) is for aspiring Marie Antoinettes. Champagne bottles start at $500; packages with several bottles of liquor and mixers for mojitos or bellinis are $1,000. The check can be sobering. “You didn’t look at the price of the Dom bottle!” a man barked into his iPhone, to a friend who apparently ditched before paying. “It’s $700!” STILL-HOT ACCESSORY Slatted “shutter shades” live on at Day and Night. DID THE D.J. PLAY “WELCOME TO ST.-TROPEZ”? Yes. Lavo Champagne Brunch Lavo (39 East 58th Street, lavony.com); Saturday, 2 to 6:30 p.m. Smog guns. Confetti cannons. Piñatas. Masked masseuses. Dancers in Daisy Duke shorts (some on stilts, obviously). Since last November, this Italian restaurant has roiled with the energy and pageantry of Mardi Gras. At the recent Halloween party, Slick Rick, an old-school rapper with an eye patch and glinting ropes of jewelry, lethargically performed several ’80s hits. Some of the younger “Black Swans” in attendance were unsure of his identity. “Is he big in London?” asked an Australian woman wearing a top hat. SIGNAL TO DANCE ON TABLES Caffeinated anthems like Pitbull’s “Hey Baby” and Roscoe Dash’s “All the Way Turnt Up” are accentuated by processions of bouncers carrying women above them in tubs, like Cleopatra on a palanquin. Polenta pancakes taking up precious square footage? Just kick them aside with your stilettos. Newsletter Sign Up Continue reading the main story Open Thread Newsletter A look from across the New York Times at the forces that shape the dress codes we share, with Vanessa Friedman as your personal shopper. You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. See Sample Privacy Policy Opt out or contact us anytime BRUNCH SET Share Champagne spritzers with willowy model types and inheritors of wealth. The scrum on an October afternoon included the son of a Mongolian dignitary, six scions of Mexican plutocracy wearing novelty somberos, and at least one supermodel. “She’s everywhere,” said Mr. Tepperberg, as the nymph, whose name he couldn’t remember, disappeared into the jungle of merriment. THE BUFFET With the emphasis on tabletop dancing, Italian trattoria offerings (margherita pizzas for $21, and lemon ricotta waffles for $19) are often abandoned underfoot and sprinkled with confetti. Proving alcohol reigns supreme here, ice buckets are carefully shielded with napkins. Bottle service rules: Moët Brut is $195 and liquor starts at $295. Balthazar and Nebuchadnezzar sizes surge toward the $10,000 mark. RISKY ROSé Alcohol and high-altitude dancing can be perilous: there was a brief hullabaloo in one corner when several women took a tumble. DID THE D.J. PLAY “WELCOME TO ST.-TROPEZ”? Yes. Eat Yo Brunch Yotel (570 10th Avenue, yotel.com); Sunday, 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. If spending thousands of dollars makes your stomach turn, this newish party at Yotel is more easily digested. This affably cartoonish affair, held at the space-age hotel in Hell’s Kitchen with the design aesthetics of a Pokémon, draws a gay-friendly crowd lured northward by Patrick Duffy, a promoter. “There’s a lot of pressure in night life,” Mr. Duffy said. “But I feel like Sunday is a comedown. It doesn’t have to be perfect.” SIGNAL TO DANCE ON TABLES These connoisseurs of brunch wear designer shoes too stylish for tromping atop omelets. With a D.J. spinning dance tracks from LeLe and Earth, Wind & Fire, guests sip bellinis at the bar or banter at long communal tables. The performers are looser. One afternoon, Roxy Cottontail, a pink-haired promoter, vamped around the sunken dining area with a microphone. “Don’t make kitty pounce,” she rapped, before climbing atop a table. 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No. Sunset Saturdays PH-D Rooftop Lounge at Dream Downtown (355 West 16th Street, dreamdowntown.com); Saturday, 5:30 to 10 p.m. Despite a happy hour time slot, this sunset party atop the Dream Downtown hotel is not for pre-gaming. After funneling in brunch crowds from elsewhere, 8 p.m. has the frenzied atmosphere and intoxication of 2 a.m. The offbeat timing may deter conventional weekend warriors. “No matter how cool the place, some people feel Friday and Saturday nights are for amateurs,” said Matt Strauss, a manager of PH-D. “We’re not for amateurs.” SIGNAL TO DANCE ON TABLES The D.J. rapid-fires through tracks from C+C Music Factory, LMFAO and Rick Ross, but booze-lubricated guests scramble on couches with little hesitation. Those grappling with bursts of existential angst after six hours of brunch can gaze pensively at the spectacular views of Midtown Manhattan. BRUNCH SET Attractive women and affluent men knot around tables; hotel guests gawk from the bar. 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The 3 P.M. Brunch With the 4 A.M. Vibe By BEN DETRICK NOV. 16, 2011 Continue reading the main story Share This Page Share Tweet Pin Email More Save Photo An enthusiastic reveler parties to a performance by Roxy Cottontail, a promoter, at Eat Yo Brunch at Yotel on 10th Avenue, where the $35 brunch allows patrons to eat and drink for two hours. Credit Deidre Schoo for The New York Times BRUNCH, an occasion for flapjacks, Bloody Marys and meandering conversation, is traditionally the most sluggish of meals. But a smorgasbord of clubby New York restaurants have transformed lazy midday gatherings into orgies of overindulgence with blaring music, jiggling go-go dancers and bar tabs that mushroom into fiv

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